Adventure travel is a type of niche tourism, involving exploration or
travel with a certain degree of risk (real or perceived), and which
may require special skills and physical exertion. In the United
States, adventure tourism has grown in recent decades as tourists seek
out-of-the-ordinary or "roads less traveled" vacations, but lack of a
clear operational definition has hampered measurement of market size
and growth. According to the U.S.-based Adventure Travel Trade
Association, adventure travel may be any tourist activity that
includes physical activity, a cultural exchange, and connection with
nature.
Adventure tourists may have the motivation to achieve mental states
characterized as rush or flow, resulting from stepping outside their
comfort zone. This may be from experiencing culture shock or by
performing acts requiring significant effort and involve some degree
of risk, real or perceived, or physical danger. This may include
activities such as mountaineering, trekking, bungee jumping, mountain
biking, cycling, canoeing, scuba diving, rafting, kayaking,
zip-lining, paragliding, hiking, exploring, canyoneering,
sandboarding, caving and rock climbing. Some obscure forms of
adventure travel include disaster and ghetto tourism. Other rising
forms of adventure travel include social and jungle tourism.
Biking is an activity that involves a bicycle. You can ride the bike
on a road, bike path, a mountain trail, or rough terrain. Some use the
term “biking” to refer specifically to a mountain biking context, and
it is often associated with riding a heavy duty bicycle on rougher
terrain. Mountain biking usually takes place on mountain trails, dirt
roads, or parks. It first originated as a sport in California, United
States. The first bikers who engaged in the sport used a type of bike
called cruiser bicycles. This single-speed bicycle comes with balloon
tyres and an upright seating posture. It has fewer gears, which make
it the perfect bike when you want to simply enjoy riding without
thinking about what gears to control. Nowadays, people who engage in
mountain biking and off-the-road biking use mountain bikes.
Mountain biking is a sport that uses a bicycle but is done on rough
terrain. It is sometimes simply referred to as biking. It involves
different categories, such as free riding, dirt jumping, downhill,
trail riding, and cross country. Mountain bikes are constructed
differently from normal bicycles. Designed to endure rough terrain,
mountain bikes have flat and wider handle bars, lower gear ratios,
off-road tyres that provide more traction, and suspension forks.
Paragliding is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of
flying paragliders: lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched glider
aircraft with no rigid primary structure.[1] The pilot sits in a
harness or lies prone in a cocoon-like 'pod' suspended below a fabric
wing. Wing shape is maintained by the suspension lines, the pressure
of air entering vents in the front of the wing, and the aerodynamic
forces of the air flowing over the outside.
Despite not using an engine, paraglider flights can last many hours
and cover many hundreds of kilometres, though flights of one to five
hours and covering some tens of kilometres are more the norm. By
skillful exploitation of sources of lift, the pilot may gain height,
often climbing to altitudes of a few thousand metres.
Surfing is a surface water sport in which an individual, a surfer (or
two in tandem surfing), uses a board to ride on the forward section,
or face, of a moving wave of water, which usually carries the surfer
towards the shore. Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found on
ocean shores, but can also be found in standing waves in the open
ocean, in lakes, in rivers in the form of a tidal bore, or in wave
pools.
The term surfing refers to a person riding a wave using a board,
regardless of the stance. There are several types of boards. The Moche
of Peru would often surf on reed craft, while the native peoples of
the Pacific surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such water craft.
Ancient cultures often surfed on their belly and knees, while the
modern-day definition of surfing most often refers to a surfer riding
a wave standing on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up
surfing.